Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition in which stomach contents move up into the esophagus. This backwash of acid can irritate the esophageal lining, causing symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and a sour taste in the mouth. Over time, it can lead to complications like esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Reflux becomes a disease when it causes frequent or severe symptoms or injury. Researchers estimate that about 20% of people in the United States are affected.
Anyone can develop GERD. You are more likely to have GERD if you:
Other symptoms may include:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is primarily caused by the malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which is a ring of muscle that acts as a valve between the esophagus and the stomach. Normally, the LES closes immediately after food passes through it to prevent stomach acid and digestive juices from flowing back into the esophagus. When the LES weakens or relaxes abnormally, it allows stomach contents to reflux into the esophagus, leading to GERD symptoms.
You may be able to manage symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by making lifestyle changes or taking over-the-counter medicines. Doctors may recommend lifestyle changes, medicines, surgery, or a combination of these treatments.
To reduce gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, your doctor may recommend weight loss if you are overweight or have obesity, eating meals 2 to 3 hours before you lie down, and avoiding foods and drinks that make your symptoms worse.
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